- 10.000 years  19th century

Navigators transferred plant species from America toward Europe. But on the whole, America mostly benefited of this transfers linked with the discovery of the new world : wheat, sugar-cane, many fruit trees, and other species started being cultivated.

Actually, some animal species first being domesticated in Europe (the founder species) such as the ox, the sheep or the horse, which were unknown or had disapeared from the american continent, were transferred from Europe.